PORNOGRAPHY IS MORE DANGEROUS THAN DRUGS

Pornography is more dangerous than drugs

As released many internet sites and from many diverse sources, among others, such as Dr. Mark B. Kastlemaan, Head of Education & Training Officer for the Candeo USA at certain points, addiction to pornography may actually be more dangerous than the drugs: 

1. Effect of cocaine can be eliminated, while not pornographic materials

By shooting through positron emission tomography (PET), it is clear that someone who is enjoying having pornographic images of chemical processes in the brain similar to people who are sucking the cocaine. Acute pornography apparently looked worse than cocaine. Due to the influence of cocaine in the body can be eliminated (with detoxification). As for pornography, once recorded in the brain, porn image will be languishing in the brain forever.

2. Pornography can destroy brain condition more than drugs

If the drug causes brain damaged three nerves, the nerves 5 pornography causes brain damaged, especially in the Pre Frontal Corteks (part of the brain right behind the forehead). Damage to the brain will make people can not plan, can not control their emotions, can not make decisions and executive roles as the controlling brain impulses. Part is what distinguishes humans from animals.

3. Pornographer more difficult to detect than drug addicts

Basically, people who are addicted to pornography feel the same with drug addicts, which is to continue to produce dopamine in the brain. But pornographer can accomplish more easily, anytime and anywhere, even via mobile phones. Addiction does not seem so much more difficult to detect, gradually cause permanent brain damage than drug addiction, and treatment is more difficult.

4. Pornography potentially lower the intelligence

As many as 70 percent of the information coming in through the eyes. When someone sees something porn, there will be a direct stimulus to the brain behind without filtered, resulting in a discharge or brain neurotransmitters called Delta-FosB. Substances that make up a person's desire or libido. A growing number of pornographic material that goes into the back of the brain, then the brain becomes less active, especially the forebrain. Though that affect a person's intelligence is the thickness of the cortex that are on the front of the brain. In short, the lack of ability of the filter pornographic material, the more rentanlah decreased cognitive abilities and intelligence.

Lowering Porn Intelligence

Pornography is often blamed as the destroyer of morals. However, pornography can decrease a person's intelligence and IQ? Experts say you can! The human brain apparently could not function if too often see something that smells of porn.

As many as 70 percent of the information coming in through the eyes. And the inclusion of information through the eyes that sometimes can not be analyzed and filtered by the brain. "Seeing it was supposed to use your brain, not just the eyes alone," said Adre Mayza, SPK (K), Head of Maintenance Improvement of Health Intelligence, Ministry of Health of Indonesia in the Optimization of Brain Improvement Intelligence GKBI, Sudirman, Jakarta (10/9/2009).

In each stage of the development of life, the human brain function changes menglami. When I was a baby and young children, people still use primitive part of the brain that is still using his natural instincts. Towards teen-brain functioning belakanglah more adult forebrain whereas when more active.

From all stages of brain development, it turns out that most potential remajalah suffered brain damage from pornography. "Teenagers are the most fatal damage if it hit pornography. Was due to more parts of the brain function in adolescents is the brain behind the job only receive information without going through the screening process or the analysis part of the forebrain," said Adre.

"If compared, pornography is like chocolate, both make people drool and addiction. But the difference is, people can buy a chocolate brown drool when wrote it but if teens are already salivating Seeing things that porn does not have an outlet, eventually doing masturbation and for good so addictive, "said Adre.

According Adre, when a teen sees or hears something that smells of porn, all the excitement that goes straight to the back of the brain without filtering. "The brain behind it can not filter information, the task just accept it," said Adre.

Then when the stimulation is already entered, will remove fluid or brain neurotransmitters called Delta-FosB. Substances that make up a person's desire or libido. "You could say that's a substance in the brain that makes 'itunya' stand," said Adre.

As more information about the pornography that entered the brain, brain function also more distracted on the back. "That means the rest of the brain becomes less active, especially the front part of the brain that should start honed as a teenager," jelasa Adre.

The more frequently used and the brains behind the forebrain rarely used, a person may experience cognitive function and intelligence. Though that affect a person's intelligence is the thickness of the cortex that are on the front of the brain. "The more or thick dendrites in the forebrain, the more intelligent a person," said Adre.

That is why pornography can lower the intelligence of people, especially teenagers. "As more teenagers receive information rather than analyzing it. If an adult may be able to analyze, especially if you've got a wife for pelampiasannya. If teens how else than masturbation?" he added.

Adre also cites a study that says that a person who as teenagers often view pornography, probably bigger affair when he was married than those who rarely see pornography. "Because in his mind always imagined that more and more, so it was not satisfied," he said.

Pornografi lebih berbahaya dari narkoba

Sebagaimana dirilis banyak situs internet dan dari berbagai sumber yang beragam antara lain seperti Dr Mark B. Kastlemaan, Kepala Edukasi & Training Officer for Candeo USA bahwa pada titik-titik tertentu, kecanduan pornografi ternyata bisa lebih berbahaya daripada narkoba :

1. Pengaruh kokain bisa dilenyapkan, sedangkan materi pornografi tidak
Berdasarkan pemotretan melalui positron emission tomography (PET), terlihat jelas bahwa seseorang yang tengah menikmati gambar porno mengalami proses kimia dalam otak sama dengan orang yang tengah menghisap kokain. Tampak akut pornografi ternyata lebih jahat ketimbang kokain. Karena pengaruh kokain dalam tubuh bisa dilenyapkan (dengan detoksifikasi). Adapun materi pornografi, sekali terekam dalam otak, image porno itu akan mendekam dalam otak selamanya.

2. Pornografi dapat merusak syarat otak lebih banyak dibandingkan narkoba
Jika narkoba menyebabkan 3 syaraf otak rusak, maka pornografi menyebabkan 5 syaraf otak yang rusak, terutama pada Pre Frontal Corteks (bagian otak yang tepat berada di belakang dahi). Kerusakan bagian otak ini akan membuat orang tidak bisa membuat perencanaan, tidak bisa mengendalikan emosi, tidak bisa mengambil keputusan dan berbagai peran eksekutif otak sebagai pengendali impuls-impuls. Bagian inilah yang membedakan manusia dengan binatang.

3. Pecandu pornografi lebih sulit dideteksi daripada pecandu narkoba
Pada dasarnya orang yang kecanduan pornografi merasakan hal yang sama dengan pecandu narkoba, yaitu ingin terus memproduksi dopamin dalam otak. Tapi pecandu pornografi bisa memenuhinya dengan lebih mudah, kapanpun dan dimanapun, bahkan melalui handphone. Kecanduan ini tidak tampak sehingga lebih lebih sulit dideteksi, lambat laun menimbulkan kerusakan otak yang permanen melebihi kecanduan narkoba, dan pengobatannya pun lebih sulit.

4. Pornografi berpotensi menurunkan kecerdasan
Sebanyak 70 persen informasi masuk melalui mata. Ketika seseorang melihat sesuatu yang berbau porno, maka akan terjadi rangsangan yang langsung masuk ke otak belakang tanpa tersaring, yang mengakibatkan otak mengeluarkan cairan atau zat neurotransmiter yang disebut Delta-FosB. Zat itulah yang membuat nafsu atau libido seseorang meningkat. Semakin banyak materi pornografi yang masuk ke otak bagian belakang, maka bagian otak lainnya menjadi kurang aktif, terutama otak bagian depan. Padahal yang mempengaruhi kecerdasan seseorang adalah ketebalan korteks yang ada di bagian otak depan. Singkatnya, semakin minim kemampuan orang menyaring materi pornografi ini, semakin rentanlah mengalami penurunan kemampuan kognitif dan kecerdasannya.

EDUCATION AS A KEY PILLAR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Education as a key pillar of sustainable development

Inspiration Media People (populist) make education as a very important topic to always be discussed, because education is the main pillar of development, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. After education, the development of the next pillar is health, and poverty or economic (MSMEs), which are all environmental activities, in accordance with the goals and direction of sustainable development (Sustainable Development).

In the atmosphere of National Education Day, we are of the team populist argued that education is the main sector that must be considered by all parties, especially the government in carrying out development. Whatever sector of the construction, if the education of the people (residents) have not been good and low quality (SDM) it, then the development will not succeed, ineffective, and will not reach the target. Because, subjects or actors of development, in addition to the government is, or the people who also became the object. As the author of the following description is subject in Population and Development attractions.

The active participation of the population (HR) quality that all development programs can be run properly, effectively, and on target, and can be successful. Moreover, in implementing sustainable development programs, the quality of the population, especially the quality of education, quality health care, and the quality of economic (welfare), the basic capital of the implementation of the sustainable development program it. As the author of the following descriptions is Population Qualified Capital Stock of Sustainable Development.

To realize the quality or the people, of course, the education sector plays a very important role in this effort. For that we need the concerted effort of all parties to advance the education of the people (residents). Needed sense of caring and concern with the importance of the progress and quality of education to improve the quality of the people or the general population. Governments have a huge role in promoting the quality of education of the people is through education policies are populist.

In addition to the role, a sense of caring and concern of the government as the organizer of the state in promoting education, we as individuals and people must strive to manifest a sense of concern for education, we can build it yourself first's determination to improve the quality of education and the quality of ourselves, because our fate as individuals, we have to fight for themselves, outsiders and the government, the fact is as a driver. We as individuals and communities, must have a strong determination to fight for the advancement and quality of ourselves, as well as reviews from the following authors in Progress Must Yourself Beginning Of Self Determination.

After education ourselves advanced, quality, and is powerless, then there is an important task of our social environment such as family, relatives, neighbors, to the wider community to empower our environmental education in accordance with our respective capabilities. Because this task is the real form of the attitude to empower ourselves and others concerned about the attitude.

Can not be called successful, advanced, and powerful person if that person has not been able to empower his brother, his family, neighbors, and community!. In terms of reference of the measures of community empowerment, especially empowerment of the people's education, perhaps an overview of the concept of empowerment that can be listened to in the following description of the author of Essential Concepts for Community Empowerment. Hope can be a material reflection together.

Inspiration Media People (populist) make education as a very important topic to always be discussed, because education is the main pillar of development, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. After education, the development of the next pillar is health, and poverty or economic (MSMEs), which are all environmental activities, in accordance with the goals and direction of sustainable development (Sustainable Development).

In the atmosphere of National Education Day, we are of the team populist argued that education is the main sector that must be considered by all parties, especially the government in carrying out development. Whatever sector of the construction, if the education of the people (residents) have not been good and low quality (SDM) it, then the development will not succeed, ineffective, and will not reach the target. Because, subjects or actors of development, in addition to the government is, or the people who also became the object. As the author of the following description is subject in Population and Development attractions.

The active participation of the population (HR) quality that all development programs can be run properly, effectively, and on target, and can be successful. Moreover, in implementing sustainable development programs, the quality of the population, especially the quality of education, quality health care, and the quality of economic (welfare), the basic capital of the implementation of the sustainable development program it. As the author of the following descriptions is Population Qualified Capital Stock of Sustainable Development.

To realize the quality or the people, of course, the education sector plays a very important role in this effort. For that we need the concerted effort of all parties to advance the education of the people (residents). Needed sense of caring and concern with the importance of the progress and quality of education to improve the quality of the people or the general population. Governments have a huge role in promoting the quality of education of the people is through education policies are populist.

In addition to the role, a sense of caring and concern of the government as the organizer of the state in promoting education, we as individuals and people must strive to manifest a sense of concern for education, we can build it yourself first's determination to improve the quality of education and the quality of ourselves, because our fate as individuals, we have to fight for themselves, outsiders and the government, the fact is as a driver. We as individuals and communities, must have a strong determination to fight for the advancement and quality of ourselves, as well as reviews from the following authors in Progress Must Yourself Beginning Of Self Determination.

After education ourselves advanced, quality, and is powerless, then there is an important task of our social environment such as family, relatives, neighbors, to the wider community to empower our environmental education in accordance with our respective capabilities. Because this task is the real form of the attitude to empower ourselves and others concerned about the attitude.

Can not be called successful, advanced, and powerful person if that person has not been able to empower his brother, his family, neighbors, and community!. In terms of reference of the measures of community empowerment, especially empowerment of the people's education, perhaps an overview of the concept of empowerment that can be listened to in the following description of the author of Essential Concepts for Community Empowerment. Hope can be a material reflection together.

Pendidikan sebagai pilar utama pembangunan berkelanjutan

Media Inspirasi Rakyat (Merakyat) menjadikan Pendidikan sebagai topik yang sangat penting untuk selalu dibahas, karena pendidikan adalah pilar utama pembangunan, terutama di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Setelah pendidikan, pilar pembangunan selanjutnya adalah kesehatan, lalu kemiskinan atau ekonomi (UMKM), yang semua kegiatannya berwawasan lingkungan, sesuai dengan cita-cita dan arah dari Pembangunan berkelanjutan (Sustainable Development).

Dalam suasana peringatan Hari Pendidikan Nasional ini, kami dari team merakyat berpendapat bahwa pendidikan adalah sektor utama yang harus diperhatikan oleh semua pihak, terutama pemerintah dalam melaksanakan pembangunan. Apapun sektor yang dibangun, kalau pendidikan rakyat (penduduk) belum bagus dan masih rendah kualitas (SDM) nya, maka pembangunan itu tidak akan berhasil, tidak efektif, dan tidak akan mencapai sasaran. Karena, subjek atau pelaku dari pembangunan itu selain pemerintah adalah penduduk atau rakyat yang juga sekaligus menjadi objek. Seperti uraian penulis berikut di Penduduk adalah Subjek dan Objek Pembangunan.

Dari Partisipasi aktif penduduk (SDM) yang berkualitas itulah segala program pembangunan bisa berjalan dengan baik, efektif, dan tepat sasaran, serta bisa sukses. Apalagi dalam melaksanakan program pembangunan berkelanjutan, kualitas penduduk dalam terutama kualitas pendidikan, kualitas kesehatan, dan kualitas ekonomi (kesejahteraan), merupakan modal dasar dari dari pelaksanaan program pembangunan berkelanjutan itu. Seperti uraian penulis berikut di Penduduk Berkualitas Merupakan Modal Dasar Pembangunan Berkelanjutan.

Untuk mewujudkan penduduk atau rakyat yang berkualitas, tentu saja sektor pendidikan berperan sangat penting dalam usaha ini. Untuk itu perlu usaha bersama dari semua pihak untuk memajukan pendidikan rakyat (penduduk). Diperlukan rasa peduli dan kepedulian bersama akan pentingnya kemajuan dan kualitas pendidikan untuk meningkatkan kualitas rakyat atau penduduk secara umum. Pemerintah memiliki peran yang sangat besar dalam mendorong kualitas pendidikan rakyat ini melalui kebijakan-kebijakan pendidikan yang merakyat.

Selain peran, rasa peduli dan kepedulian dari pemerintah sebagai penyelenggara negara dalam memajukan pendidikan, kita sebagai individu dan rakyat pun harus berusaha untuk mewujud rasa kepedulian akan pendidikan itu, hal bisa kita bangun dari tekad diri sendiri dulu untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dan kualitas diri kita, karena nasib kita sebagai individu, kita sendirilah yang harus memperjuangkan, pihak luar dan pemerintah, hakikatnya hanyalah sebagai pendorong. Kita sebagai individu dan masyarakat, harus memiliki tekad yang kuat untuk memperjuangkan kemajuan diri dan kualitas diri kita, sebagaimana ulasan dari penulis berikut di Kemajuan Diri Harus Berawal Dari Tekad Diri Sendiri.

Setelah pendidikan diri kita sendiri sudah maju, memiliki kualitas, dan sudah berdaya, maka ada tugas penting kita terhadap lingkungan sosial seperti keluarga, saudara, tetangga, sampai ke masyarakat yang lebih luas untuk memberdayakan pendidikan lingkungan kita tersebut sesuai dengan kemampuan kita masing-masing. Karena tugas ini adalah bentuk nyata dari sikap memberdayakan diri kita sendiri dan sikap peduli akan sesama.

Belum bisa disebut sukses, maju, dan berdaya seseorang apabila orang tersebut belum mampu memberdayakan saudaranya, keluarganya, tetangganya, dan masyarakatnya!. Dalam hal acuan dari langkah pemberdayaan masyarakat terutama pemberdayaan pendidikan rakyat ini, mungkin gambaran konsep dari pemberdayaan itu bisa disimak pada uraian penulis berikut di Konsep Hakiki Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Semoga bisa menjadi bahan renungan bersama.

Media Inspirasi Rakyat (Merakyat) menjadikan Pendidikan sebagai topik yang sangat penting untuk selalu dibahas, karena pendidikan adalah pilar utama pembangunan, terutama di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Setelah pendidikan, pilar pembangunan selanjutnya adalah kesehatan, lalu kemiskinan atau ekonomi (UMKM), yang semua kegiatannya berwawasan lingkungan, sesuai dengan cita-cita dan arah dari Pembangunan berkelanjutan (Sustainable Development).

Dalam suasana peringatan Hari Pendidikan Nasional ini, kami dari team merakyat berpendapat bahwa pendidikan adalah sektor utama yang harus diperhatikan oleh semua pihak, terutama pemerintah dalam melaksanakan pembangunan. Apapun sektor yang dibangun, kalau pendidikan rakyat (penduduk) belum bagus dan masih rendah kualitas (SDM) nya, maka pembangunan itu tidak akan berhasil, tidak efektif, dan tidak akan mencapai sasaran. Karena, subjek atau pelaku dari pembangunan itu selain pemerintah adalah penduduk atau rakyat yang juga sekaligus menjadi objek. Seperti uraian penulis berikut di Penduduk adalah Subjek dan Objek Pembangunan.

Dari Partisipasi aktif penduduk (SDM) yang berkualitas itulah segala program pembangunan bisa berjalan dengan baik, efektif, dan tepat sasaran, serta bisa sukses. Apalagi dalam melaksanakan program pembangunan berkelanjutan, kualitas penduduk dalam terutama kualitas pendidikan, kualitas kesehatan, dan kualitas ekonomi (kesejahteraan), merupakan modal dasar dari dari pelaksanaan program pembangunan berkelanjutan itu. Seperti uraian penulis berikut di Penduduk Berkualitas Merupakan Modal Dasar Pembangunan Berkelanjutan.

Untuk mewujudkan penduduk atau rakyat yang berkualitas, tentu saja sektor pendidikan berperan sangat penting dalam usaha ini. Untuk itu perlu usaha bersama dari semua pihak untuk memajukan pendidikan rakyat (penduduk). Diperlukan rasa peduli dan kepedulian bersama akan pentingnya kemajuan dan kualitas pendidikan untuk meningkatkan kualitas rakyat atau penduduk secara umum. Pemerintah memiliki peran yang sangat besar dalam mendorong kualitas pendidikan rakyat ini melalui kebijakan-kebijakan pendidikan yang merakyat.

Selain peran, rasa peduli dan kepedulian dari pemerintah sebagai penyelenggara negara dalam memajukan pendidikan, kita sebagai individu dan rakyat pun harus berusaha untuk mewujud rasa kepedulian akan pendidikan itu, hal bisa kita bangun dari tekad diri sendiri dulu untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dan kualitas diri kita, karena nasib kita sebagai individu, kita sendirilah yang harus memperjuangkan, pihak luar dan pemerintah, hakikatnya hanyalah sebagai pendorong. Kita sebagai individu dan masyarakat, harus memiliki tekad yang kuat untuk memperjuangkan kemajuan diri dan kualitas diri kita, sebagaimana ulasan dari penulis berikut di Kemajuan Diri Harus Berawal Dari Tekad Diri Sendiri.

Setelah pendidikan diri kita sendiri sudah maju, memiliki kualitas, dan sudah berdaya, maka ada tugas penting kita terhadap lingkungan sosial seperti keluarga, saudara, tetangga, sampai ke masyarakat yang lebih luas untuk memberdayakan pendidikan lingkungan kita tersebut sesuai dengan kemampuan kita masing-masing. Karena tugas ini adalah bentuk nyata dari sikap memberdayakan diri kita sendiri dan sikap peduli akan sesama.

Belum bisa disebut sukses, maju, dan berdaya seseorang apabila orang tersebut belum mampu memberdayakan saudaranya, keluarganya, tetangganya, dan masyarakatnya!. Dalam hal acuan dari langkah pemberdayaan masyarakat terutama pemberdayaan pendidikan rakyat ini, mungkin gambaran konsep dari pemberdayaan itu bisa disimak pada uraian penulis berikut di Konsep Hakiki Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Semoga bisa menjadi bahan renungan bersama.

PHONOLOGICAL CHANGES OF FOREIGN WORDS ADOPTED TO INDONESIAN

BAB I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

It happens to every language in the world that in its  history of development it is unavoidable to adopt some words from other languages (foreign stock), since it is a logical consequence of unavoidable interaction with other nations. It is a logical consequence of cultural contact among nations in the world. This statement is supported by the following comment :

“Di dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangangan alamiah bahasa nasional , kontak budaya antarbangsa 

mengakibatkan pula kontak bahasanya sehingga  pengaruh bahasa lain masuk ke dalam bahasa

nasional” (PPPBI, 1995:2)

Indonesian is one of the languages that can not get rid of above phenomenon. In its history of development Indonesian has been adopting many words from some foreign languages such as : Portugues, Ducth,  Arabic, and English. This statement is strengthened by the following comment:

“Bahasa melayu sejak awal masehi, ibarat bunga karang menyerap banyak unsur bahasa asing yang membuat bahasa itu lebih lengkap dan lebih kaya. Dapatlah di catat beribu-ribu kata yang berasal dari bahasa sanskerta, Jawa kuno , Portugis, Belanda, Jawa modern, sunda, Minang dan dewasa ini khususnya bahasa Inggris”. (PPPBI, 1995:2)

From this quotation we also know that the term foreign languages in this discussion covers not only languages from other countries but also regional languages in Indonesia.

In addition, on May 20 th, 1995 in a formal ceremony for the national discipline, President Soeharto stimulated and ordered the people of Indonesia to speak and write in standart Indonesia (Bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar).

“Oleh karena itu, pada tanggal 20 Mei 1995, dalam rangka pencanangan disiplin nasional Presiden Soeharto menyerukan agar seluruh lapisan masyarakat menggunakan bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar.Seruan itu tentulah didasarkan pada kenyataan yang cukup memprihatinkan. Betapa tidak setiap saat masyaratakat kita disuguhi bahasa asing yang digunakan pada papan nama yang terpampang di took-toko, kompleks perumahan, kantor-kantor, dan iklan-iklan. Padahal, kata dan atau istilah asing itu dapat diganti atau ada padanannya di dalam bahasa Indonesia” (PPPBUI, 1995:VII).

The president’s initiative above is assumed to be motivated by the actual condition in society where the use of foreign words (non standard ones) has been in a terrible condition. Such foreign words could be found somewhere in public facilities (places) such as : shopping centers, housing complexes, government and non-government buildings, advertisements, government and non government companies. The example of such foreign words are : Sarinah supermarket, Makassar Mall, Matahari shopping center, Miami restaurant, Kentucky fried chicken, Bandung hill side, bekasi international industrial estate, and many others. This condition is also complained by the Minister of education and culture, wardiman djoyonegoro in his comment as follows:

“Sejalan dengan laju kegiatan pembangunan di segala bidang, pemanfaatan bahasa asing terutama bahasa inggris memang diperlukan… akan tetapi sebagaimana diamanatkan dalan GBHN 1993 kita tidak perlu menggunakan kata dan istilah asing yang kandungan konsepnya dapat diungkapkan dalam bahasa Indonesia. Dengan perkataan lain, kita harus menghindari penggunakan kata dan istilah asing yang sudah ada padanannya dalam bahasa Indonesia. Namun kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa pemakaian bahasa asing itu terutama di tempat-tempat umum  seperti pada nama-nama badan usaha, kawasan pemukiman dan gedung – gedung megah, telah melewati batas-batas kewajaran ”(PPPBI, 1995 : x).

So. Beside his complaint about the unpropotional use of foreign words in the society, theminister also expects the people of Indonesia to avoid using foreign words that already have equivalents in Indonesian. This is appeal from the government that is formally stated in the Guideline of State Policy.

Based on the above phenomenon, it seems that the urgent task we need to do is to evaluate the development of Indonesian, after 69 years the Youth Solemn Oath (sumpah Pemuda). As minister Wardiman Djoyonegoro says :

“wajarlah apabila dalam masa enam puluh tujuh tahun setelah diikrarkannya sumpah pemuda 1928, kita merasa perlu meninjau balik pertumbuhan Bahasa Indonesia dalam kedudukannya sebagai bahasa persatuan dan bahasa kebangsaan”. (PPPBI, 1994 : IX)

Also from the above quotation, it is clear that foreign word adoption may only cover the words that have no equivalents in Indonesian. So the adoption should be selective, meaning that not all foreign words can freely be used in Indonesian discourse. The main function of the adopted words is to make the word inventory of Indonesian more complete. It represents the concepts or thought that are not available in Indonesian. So, foreign word adoption is fundamenttaly very important for Indonesia speakers.

From the law point of view, some formal decisions have been established by the government to support the socialization of Indonesian and the disciplinary of foreign word used. The decisions are follows : 1) instruction number 20, Oktober 28^th, 1991 by Minister of Domestic Affairs, about the socialization of Indonesian 2) instruction number I/U/1992, by the minister of education and culture, about the improvement of effort in socializing Indonesian, 3) instruction number 344 1021 SJ. March 16^th, 1995, by the minister of domestic affairs to the governors, mayors, and regents all over Indonesia, about the disciplinary of the use of foreign words (PPPBI, 1995 : XI). All of these decisions are disciplinary intented to maintain and support the position of Indonesian as the national, states, and unifying language, and to enable its no going development today in the future.

The disciplinary of foreign word use as mentioned in the last instruction above is sign of serious attention paid by the government to the use of foreign words in Indonesian discourse. This means that the people of many not use insert foreign words freely when they speak Indonesian.

Concerning the importance of foreign word adoption, it is necessary to take into consideration the following quotation :

Moeliono (1985n; 115) gives the following comment :

“pengembangan kosakata diperlukan untuk memungkinkan pengungkapan konsep dan gagasan perikehidupan modern. Cakrawala social budaya yang melampaui batas perikehidupan yang tertutup menimbulkan adanya kata, istilah dan ungkapan baru dalam Bahasa Indonesia… dua aspek patut mendapat perhatian masing-masing sumber leksikal yang baru bagi upaya pengembangan bahasa dan prosedur pembentukan bagi unsur leksikal tersebut”.

Other comments says :

“Sebagaimana yang dialami bahasa lain di muka bumi, bahasa Indonesia harus menggunakan kata asing bagi gagasan yang selama ini belum di kenal di dalam kebudayaan, dan tidak ada padanan yang tepat bagi kata itu di dalam khsanah bahasanya. Dalam keadaan demikian, kata-kata asing tadi tunduk pada kaidah Bahasa Indonesia sehingga serapannya merupakan bentuk yang telah menggalami penyesuaian (adaptasi).”(PPPBI, 1995 ; xi)

From the two quotation above we can make conclusions as follows : 1) foreign word adoption is absolutely needed in the modernization era, 2) adopted words are absolutely needed in order to express life concepts that are unavailable in Indonesia, 3) the adopted words should be suited to or be adapted with the system in Indonesian (selling and pronunciation systems), 4) one important thing to consider is the procedure of reconstructing the foreign words to be adopted.

Procedure of reconstructing the adopted foreign words as mentioned above is not less important than the adopted words themselves, since Indonesian as the adopting language has its system and the words adopted from any foreign languages should follow this system. In other words, any words adopted from any foreign languages should be adapted with the system in Indonesian.

This research is intended to study the words adopted from foreign languages primarily from English from linguistic point of view. The main emphasis will be on pronological changes of foreign words primarily English words after being adopted into Indonesian.

The idea of choosing this topic “phonological changes in word adoption” was firstly inspired by the fact of interference made by native speakers of Indonesian in speaking English. They usually replace the English phonemes that are unavaible in Indonesian with Indonesian phonemes that nearly have the same sounds as them, e.g : phoneme / is replaced by phoneme /t/; phoneme // is replaced by phoneme /e/ and so on. From the observation, it is proved that this phenomenon formally occurs in wors adoption ; the word theory /ii/ become teori ; the word system /sistm/ become sistem. From this, the writer is interested To know much more how far the phonological changes occur in word adoption.

1.2 Problem Statements

The problem statement of this study are formulated as follows :

1) How are the phonological changes of the foreign words (primarily English words) adopted into Indonesian?

2) In what position do the phonological changes occur in the adopted words?

1.3 Scope

The scope of this study covers the foreign words (primarily English words) that have been adopted into Indonesian, particulturaly those adopted via loan adaption.

1.4 Objective (s)

This study is expected to approach the following objectives :

1) To provide description about the phonological changes of the foreign words (primarily English words) adopted into Indonesian.

2) To provide description about the position of phonological changes in the adopted words.

1.5 Signifinance

The finding if this study is expected to :

1) Be useful as a source of information about phonological changes of foreign words (primarily English words) adopted into Indonesian (loan words).

2) Be useful for the future planning and development of Indonesian.

3) Be an essential scientific input in linguistic field, and those who are specifically interested in the field of phonology and adopted words.

1.6 Operational Definitions

Some important terms that are operationally used as reference (terms of reference) in this study, will be put forward below :

Loan words = words borrowed from one language to another (Bloomfield, 1933 : 499.   Here , words (Indonesian words) borrowed from foreign languages, primarily English.

 Adopted words = a general term refers to as loan words and borrowings.

Borrowing or borrowed words = a process of introduction of word from one language or dialect into another. Vocabulary borrowing are usually known as loan words (Crystal 1987 : 330). Here, words (Indonesian words) borrowed from foreign languages, primarily English. (see also loan words).

Foreign words = words to be adopted from foreign languages, primarily English, into Indonesian.

Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia. = Indonesian language (used as national language in Indonesia).

Phonological changes = The changes of phonemes occure in foreign words primarily english words, when they are adopted into Indonesian.

Phonological reemerging = some phonemes are reemerged in pronunciation after the English words adopted into Indonesian.

Note:

The terms loan words, adopted words, and borrowings are used interchangeably and are treated similarly in this study. They refer to the same meaning.

KENAKALAN REMAJA

KENAKALAN REMAJA

Kenakalan remaja biasanya dilakukan oleh remaja-remaja yang gagal dalam menjalani proses-proses perkembangan jiwanya, baik pada saat remaja maupun pada masa kanak-kanaknya. Masa kanak-kanak dan masa remaja berlangsung begitu singkat, dengan perkembangan fisik, psikis, dan emosi yang begitu cepat. Secara psikologis, kenakalan remaja merupakan wujud dari konflik-konflik yang tidak terselesaikan dengan baik pada masa kanak-kanak maupun remaja para pelakunya. Seringkali didapati bahwa ada trauma dalam masa lalunya, perlakuan kasar dan tidak menyenangkan dari lingkungannya, maupun trauma terhadap kondisi lingkungan, seperti kondisi ekonomi yang membuatnya merasa rendah diri, dan sebagainya.

Remaja yang terlibat perkelahian biasanya kurang mampu melakukan adaptasi pada situasi lingkungan yang kompleks. Kompleks di sini berarti adanya keanekaragaman pandangan, budaya, tingkatekonomi, dan semua rangsang dari lingkungan yang makin lama makin beragam dan banyak. Situasi ini biasanya menimbulkan tekanan pada setiap orang.Tapi pada remaja yang terlibat perkelahian, mereka kurang mampu untuk mengatasi, apalagi memanfaatkan situasi itu untuk pengembangan dirinya.

Rumah tangga      yang dipenuhi kekerasan (entah antar or ang tua atau pada anaknya) jelas ber dampak pada anak. Anak, ketika meni ngkat r emaja, belajar bahwa keker asan adalah bagian dari dir inya, sehingga adalah hal yang wajar kalau ia melakukan keker asan pula. Sebaliknya, orang tua yang terlalu melindungi anaknya, ketika remaja akan tumbuh sebagai individu yang tidak mandiri dan tidak berani mengembangkan identitasnya yang unik.

Mengatasi kenakalan remaja, berarti menata kembali emosi remaja yang tercabik-cabik itu. Emosi dan perasaan mereka rusak karena merasa ditolak oleh keluarga, orang tua, teman-teman, maupun lingkungannya sejak kecil, dan gagalnya proses perkembangan jiwa remaja tersebut. Trauma-trauma dalam hidupnya harus diselesaikan, konflik-konflik psikologis yang menggantung harus diselesaikan, dan mereka harus diberi lingkungan yang berbeda dari lingkungan sebelumnya.

TRANSLATION                 

JUVENILE DELIQUENCY 

 
Juvenile delinquency is usually performed by the teenagers who failed to undergo the processes of development of his soul, either in adolescence or in childhood. Childhood and adolescence lasts so short, the physical, psychological, and emotional so quickly. Psychologically, juvenile delinquency is a manifestation of these conflicts are not resolved properly in childhood and youth offenders. Often found that there was trauma in her past, rude and unpleasant treatment of the environment, as well as trauma to the environmental conditions, such as economic conditions make it feel inferior, and so.

Teens involved in fights are usually less able to adapt to complex environmental situation. Complex here means a diversity of views, cultures, economic levels, and all stimuli from the environment, more and more diverse and numerous. This situation usually causes pressure on each orang.Tapi in teenagers got into a fight, they are less able to cope with, let alone take advantage of the situation to develop oneself.

Households the violence (either inter or ang parents or the children) are clearly high impact on children. Children, when married ngkat r emaja, learning that is part of the telescope asan inya dir, so that is a natural thing that he did as well asan binoculars. Instead, parents are too protective of her, as a teenager to grow as an individual who is not independent and does not dare to develop a unique identity.

Addressing juvenile delinquency, the juvenile emotions rebuild torn it. Emotions and feelings because they feel rejected by broken families, parents, friends, and the environment since childhood, and the failure of the development of the adolescent psyche. Traumas in her life to be resolved, these conflicts must be resolved psychological hang, and they should be given a different environment than the previous.

OVERVIEW : BORNEO

BROAD OVERVIEW: BORNEO

Borneo, the third largest island in the world, was once filled with lush rainforests. With swampy coastal area bordered by mangrove forests and a mountainous interior, much of the terrain was virtually impassable and unexplored. Shamans of tribal formerly controlled remote areas of the island until a century ago.

In the 1980s and 1990s Borneo underwent a remarkable transition. Forests were cut down to the point that never happened in human history. Borneo rainforest move to industrialized countries like Japan and the United States in the form of garden furniture, paper pulp and chopsticks. Initially, most of the wood was taken from the northern island of Malaysia Sabah and Sarawak. Later forests in the southern part of Borneo, an area belonging to Indonesia and known as Kalimantan, became the primary source for tropical timber. Today the forests of Borneo are but a shadow of those of legend and those that remain are highly threatened by the biofuel markets, especially oil palm.

Oil palm is the most productive oil seed in the world. A single hectare of oil palm may yield 5,000 kilograms of crude oil, or nearly 6,000 liters of crude oil, making this the most profitable crop when grown in large plantations - a study of 10,000 hectares of plantations suggests that the rate of return of 26 percent per year. Therefore, vast swathes of land are being converted into palm oil plantations. Cultivation of oil palm in Indonesia has expanded from 600,000 hectares in 1985 to more than 6 million acres in early 2007, and is estimated to reach 10 million hectares by 2010.

However, lately there has been some positive news regarding conservation of Borneo. February 2007, the governments of Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia have agreed to protect roughly 220,000 square kilometers (85,000 square miles) of tropical forest in the place called "Heart of Borneo". Environmental group WWF is one of the parties active in the establishment of the protected area.

BORNEO
Borneo, pulau terbesar ketiga di dunia, dulunya dipenuhi oleh hutan hujan yang lebat. Dengan daerah pesisir rawa-rawa yang dibatasi oleh hutan bakau dan daerah bergunung-gunung, kebanyakan dari wilayah tersebut tampak tak mungkin dilewati dan dieksplorasi. Dukun dari suku pedalaman dulunya menguasai daerah-daerah terpencil dari pulau ini sampai satu abad yang lalu.

Di tahun 1980an dan 1990an, Borneo mengalami transisi yang menakjubkan. Hutan-hutannya ditebangi hingga tahap yang tak pernah terjadi di sejarah manusia. Hutan hujan Borneo berpindah ke negara-negara industri seperti Jepang dan Amerika Serikat dalam bentuk mebel untuk kebun, bubur kertas, dan sumpit. Awalnya, kebanyakan dari kayu tersebut diambil dari utara pulau bagian Malaysia kota Sabah dan Sarawak. Kemudian, hutan di bagian selatan Borneo, sebuah wilayah milik Indonesia dan dikenal dengan nama Kalimantan, menjadi sumber utama kayu tropis. Saat ini hutan-hutan di Borneo hanyalah bayangan dari legenda masa lalu dan yang masih ada sedang sangat terancam dengan meningkatnya pasar biofuel, terutama kelapa sawit.

Kelapa sawit adalah bibit minyak yang paling produktif di dunia. Satu hektar kelapa sawit bisa menghasilkan 5.000 kg minyak mentah, atau sekitar 6.000 liter minyak mentah, ini membuatnya menjadi tanaman yang paling menguntungkan bila ditanam di perkebunan yang luas -- sebuah studi terhadap 10.000 hektar kebun menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengembalian modalnya mencapai 26 persen per tahun. Karenanya, banyak petak-petak tanah yang diubah menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penanaman kelapa sawit di Indonesia telah meluas dari 600.000 hektar di tahun 1985 hingga lebih dari 6 juta hektar di awal 2007, dan diperkirakan mencapai 10 juta hektar pada tahun 2010.

Walaupun begitu, akhir-akhir ini telah ada beberapa berita positif mengenai konservasi dari Borneo. Februari 2007, pemerintah Brunei, Malaysia, dan Indonesia sepakat untuk melindungi sekitar 220.000 kilometer persegi (85.000 mil persegi) hutan tropis di tempat yang dinamakan "Jantung Borneo". Kelompok lingkungan hidup WWF adalah salah satu pihak yang aktif dalam berdirinya daerah yang dilindungi ini.

Negative Impact of Internet in Education

Negative Impact of the Internet in  Education

The development of information technology, especially in the field of adult Internet is increasingly progressing quite rapidly. Various easy to get information certainly keenly felt, along with the role of Internet technology as a disseminator of information in real time.
Along with the role of the Internet as a means of disseminating information globally and in a very short time, now has an impact on various aspects of society, especially to the world of education. However the internet world as two sword, where one side has very positive benefits for education, but in the other hand, the Internet also proved to have a negative impact on education.

Besides being very useful for education, but also the existence of the internet certainly has a negative impact on education today. Freedom of internet usage in Indonesia from any place that has access to the Internet, allowing these abuses internet facilities often do, both as a means for criminal or immoral acts.

Some of the elements that make students usually have the internet as a medium to look for things that are not educational, as well as to find images that are not obscene, as well as videos that are immoral that will affect their lives and personalities, so influenced and interfered with her concentration on the process learning in school.
The negative impact of other Internet for education is where it is currently circulating the increasing number of online games are generally very popular with students. Online games that are used in a timely manner would not have a negative impact, but the excessive use of online gaming may also impact the students who wasted a lot of time just playing games, while oblivious to the learning activities, and even the habit of excessive online gaming will also be implications for the wellbeing of students who every day have to spend most of the time just to play games online.

The use of excessive online game made by students will also affect the cost of living is more expensive for a student. By the time playing games online, of course the cost of an internet connection to be paid will also be greater, and it is not possible for students who mostly play through rentals or internet cafe, will run out of money when it comes to playing games online within hours.

It can not be denied negative impact caused by the internet to the world of education is not so large when compared with the benefits to be gained. This means that if we use them wisely, then the Internet will be very helpful, while when used unwisely, it obtained the opposite course. Essentially posifit internet use and negative, of course, back to the people who use it.

Translate....

Dampak Negatif Internet Bagi Dunia Pendidikan 

Perkembangan teknologi informasi, khususnya dalam bidang internet dewasa ini semakin mengalami kemajuan yang cukup pesat. Berbagai kemudahan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentu sangat dirasakan, seiring dengan peranan teknologi internet sebagai penyebar informasi secara real time.

Seiring dengan peranan internet sebagai sarana penyebaran informasi secara global dan dengan waktu yang sangat singkat, kini telah berdampak terhadap berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat, khususnya terhadap masyarakat dunia pendidikan. Meski demikian dunia internet yang seperti halnya dua mata pedang, dimana satu sisi memiliki manfaat yang sangat positif bagi dunia pendidikan, tetapi dalam sisi lain, internet juga ternyata memiliki dampak negatif bagi dunia pendidikan.

Selain sangat bermanfaat bagi dunia pendidikan, namun keberadaan internet juga tentu memiliki dampak negatif bagi dunia pendidikan saat ini. Kebebasan penggunaan internet di Indonesia dari setiap tempat yang memiliki akses jaringan internet, memungkinkan berbagai penyalahgunaan fasilitas internet kerap dilakukan, baik sebagai sarana untuk kriminalitas atau perbuatan asusila.

Beberapa oknum pelajar biasanya ada yang menjadikan internet sebagai media untuk mencari hal yang tidak mendidik, seperti halnya mencari gambar-gambar yang tidak senonoh, serta video-video yang bersifat asusila yang tentunya akan mempengaruhi jiwa dan kepribadian mereka, sehingga terpengaruh dan mengganggu konsentrasinya terhadap proses pembelajaran disekolah.

Dampak negatif internet lainnya bagi dunia pendidikan adalah dimana saat ini semakin banyaknya beredar game online yang umumnya sangat digemari oleh para pelajar. Game online yang digunakan secara tepat waktu tentu tidak akan berdampak negatif, tetapi penggunaan game online yang berlebih juga dapat berdampak kepada para siswa yang membuang-buang banyak waktu hanya bermain game, sementara lupa akan kegiatan belajar, bahkan kebiasaan bermain game online yang berlebihan juga akan berdampak bagi kesehatan para pelajar yang setiap harinya harus menghabiskan sebagian besar waktu hanya untuk bermain game online.

Penggunaan game online yang secara berlebihan yang dilakukan oleh para pelajar juga akan berpengaruh terhadap biaya hidup yang semakin mahal terhadap seorang pelajar. Dengan semakin lama bermain game online, tentu biaya koneksi internet yang harus dibayarkan juga akan semakin besar dan bukan tidak mungkin bagi para pelajar yang kebanyakan bermain internet lewat rental atau warnet, akan kehabisan banyak uang ketika harus bermain game online dalam waktu berjam-jam.

Memang tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwasannya dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan oleh internet terhadap dunia pendidikan tidaklah begitu besar bila dibandingkan dengan manfaat yang bisa diperoleh. Artinya bila kita menggunakan secara bijak, maka internet akan sangat bermanfaat, sementara bila digunakan secara tidak bijak, maka hal yang diperoleh tentunya adalah kebalikannya. Intinya penggunaan internet yang posifit dan negatif, tentu kembali kepada orang yang menggunakannya.